第五章 句子的時態變化
簡單式
5-1
5-2
5-3 5-4
簡單未來式
薯條:「簡單未來式是用來描述發生或結束於未來的行為事件。因此其使用時機與定義如下」
使用時機與定義:
簡單未來式:用於描述發生或結束於未來的行為事件句型。
He will
come tomorrow. 他明天要來。(發生於明天)
I will
finish it tomorrow. 我明天將會完成它(結束於明天)
句型:
薯條:「由於英語的動詞,只有代表過去的時態,沒有未來的時態,所以若要描述發生於未來的事件或行為的話,就得要在句子的主要動詞前面加上助動詞will或will的同位語be
going to,然後將主要動詞更改成原型動詞,即成為未來式。
shall這個助動詞也可用來表示未來式,但現代的英語,已經很少用shall來表示未來式。」
五大句型簡單未來式
簡單現在式
|
簡單未來式 |
I win.
我贏了
|
I will win.
I am going to win.
我將會贏 |
I am a big winner.
我是大贏家
|
I will be a big winner.
I am going to be a big winner.
我將會是個大贏家 |
I win ten million dollars.
我贏了一千萬 |
I will win ten million dollars.
I am going to win ten million
dollars.
我將會贏一千萬 |
Ten
million dollars makes me crazy.
一千萬令我瘋狂
|
Ten million dollars will make me
crazy.
Ten million dollars are going to
make me crazy.
一千萬將令我瘋狂 |
I buy my wife a house.
我買了一棟房子給我老婆 |
I will buy my wife a house.
I am going to buy my wife a
house.
我將買一棟房子給我老婆 |
薯條:「所以助動詞will或will的同等語be
going to,就是標示未來的標誌。而簡單未來式的否定句與疑問句的句型規則也與簡單現在式相同。
只要在助動詞will或是be
going to的be動詞的後面加上not,即成簡單未來式的否定句。」
簡單未來式否定句
簡單未來式
|
否定句 |
I will win.
I am going to win.
我將會贏
I will be a big winner.
I am going to be a big winner.
我將會是個大贏家
I will win ten million dollars.
I am going to win ten million
dollars.
我將會贏一千萬
Ten million dollars will make me
crazy.
一千萬將令我瘋狂
I will buy my wife a house.
I am going to buy my wife a
house.
我將買一棟房子給我老婆
|
I will not win.
I am not going to win.
我將不會贏
I will not be a big winner.
I am not going to be a big
winner.
我將不會是個大贏家
I will not win ten million
dollars.
I am not going to win ten
million dollars.
我將不會贏一千萬
Ten million dollars will not
make me crazy.
一千萬將不會令我瘋狂
I will not buy my wife a house.
I am not going to buy my wife a
house.
我將不會買一棟房子給我老婆 |
簡單未來式疑問句
薯條:「而若把助動詞will或是be
going to的be動詞移到句首,再於句尾加上問號?即成簡單未來式的疑問句。」
簡單未來式
|
疑問句 |
You will win.
You are going to win.
你將會贏
You will be a big winner.
You are going to be a big
winner.
你將會是個大贏家
You will win ten million
dollars.
You are going to win ten million
dollars.
你將會贏得一千萬
Ten million dollars will make
you crazy.
Ten million dollars is going to
make you crazy.
一千萬將令你瘋狂
You will buy my wife a house.
You are going to buy your wife a
house.
你將買一棟房子給你老婆
|
Will you win?
Are you going to win?
你將會贏嗎?
Will you be a big winner?
Are you going to be a big
winner?.
你將是個大贏家嗎?
Will you win ten million
dollars?
Are you going to win ten million
dollars?
你將會贏得一千萬嗎?
Ten million dollars will not
make you crazy?
一千萬將會令你瘋狂嗎?
Will you buy your wife a house?
Are you going to buy your wife a
house?
你將會買一棟房子給你老婆嗎? |
簡單未來式整理
肯定句 |
{I-You-She-He-It-We-They}will
go tomorrow. |
否定句 |
{I-You-She-He-It-We-They}will
not(won’t)go
tomorrow. |
疑問句 |
Will{I-you-she-he-it-we-they}go
tomorrow? |
簡答 |
Yes,{I-you-she-he-it-we-they}will.
No,{I-you-she-he-it-we-they}won’t. |
縮寫 |
I’ll, you’ll, she’ll, he’ll,
it’ll, we’ll, they’ll
Benny+will=Benny’ll
/ the student +
will =
the student’ll |
薯條:「以上為簡單未來式的講解,接下來再來補充一些與未來式相關的用法。」
WILL
vs. BE GOING TO
說明 |
例句 |
一般來說,若是用來說明未來的事件、行為,will與be
going to的意思相同。 |
He will leave tomorrow.
He is going to leave tomorrow.
他將於明天離開 |
若是表示個人的意願或是自願,則只能用will,不能用be
going to。 |
Could someone please open the
door?
有人可以幫忙打開這扇門嗎?
I will do it.
我來開 |
若是表示未來的計畫,則只能用be
going to,不能用will。 |
I bought this book because I am
going to travel next month.
我買這本書,是因為我預定下個月去旅行。 |
be
about to
若是要用於說明下一刻立即要發生的事件、行為動作,要用be
about to
The show
is about to begin. 表演馬上要開始了
Ben is
about to come. 班馬上要來了
The
store is about to close. 這店馬上要關門了
使用簡單現在式來表達未來的事件行為
當未來的事件、行為,是確定的計劃或確定的時程表,可以用簡單現在式來表達這些事件與行為。
常用簡單現在式來表達未來確定的計劃或時程表的動詞有arrive,
leave, start, begin, end, finish, open, close, be。
The
project begins in two more weeks.
這個計劃兩周後開始。
There is
a show at eight tomorrow night.
明天晚上八點有一場表演。
My new
job starts next month. 我的新工作下個月開始。
The
train arrives at 4:30 this afternoon.
這班火車今天下午四點到達。
使用現在進行式來表達未來的事件行為
薯條:「若是未來的已確定的計劃、行程、意圖與活動,也可以用現在進行式來表達。而由於我們尚未講解進行式,所以若不清楚進行式的形成規則,沒有關係,可以先跳過去,以後再回頭來看。」
I am
going to leave tomorrow night.
=I am
leaving tomorrow night.
我將於明晚離開
We are
going to go to a movie this weekend.
=We are
going to a movie this weekend.
我們這個周未要去看電影
Ana is
going to take a trip next month.
=Ana is
taking a trip next month.
安娜下個月要去旅遊
薯條:「綜合上述兩種可以用簡單現在式、與現在進行式代替簡單未來式的句子。可以清楚地發現,句子中一定有個時間副詞說明未來的時間。而若是把說明時間的時間副詞拿掉,那句子就會變成簡單現在式,與現在進行式。
I am
leaving tomorrow night. I am leaving.
我將於明晚離開
我要走了
The
project begins in two more weeks. The project begins
這個計劃兩周後開始。
計劃開始了
薯條:「所以從時間副詞的存在與否,我們就可以清楚地知道那些簡單現在式與現在進行式句子是用來說明未來確定的計劃與行程,那些則不是。
反過來也是一樣,我們也能夠清楚地知道要如何用簡單現在式與現在進行式句子,來表示未來確定的計劃與行程。
以上是簡單現在式,簡單過去式與簡單未來式的說明。只要有固定規則可循的事物都不難,而英語的文法正是固定規則可循的,所以英語文法一點都不難。只要能清楚地掌握文法規則的脈動架構,我們皆可以輕鬆地學會英語的文法。
「接著我們再來介紹常用來修飾句子的時間介系詞與副詞,這樣就可以更清楚地說明句子的時間。
」
時間介系詞:in, at
和 on
使用時機 |
句型 |
例句 |
in用在描述一段時間 |
in the past, in the present, in
the future
in the morning, in the
afternoon, in the evening |
Nobody knows what will happen in
the future.沒人知道未來會發生什麼事
I usually jog in the morning.
我通於早上慢跑 |
at
用在描述某一個時間點 |
at noon, at night, at midnight
at “時鐘時間”
at present, at the moment,
at the present time |
People eat lunch at noon.
人們在中午吃午餐
The class begins at 8 o’clock.
這堂課八點開始
I am busy at present.
我現在很忙
|
月、季、年、世紀前面要用in |
in + month, season, year,
century |
He was born in 1971.
他出生於1971年
We all live in the 21st century.
我們都生活在21世紀
I will move in the fall.
我將於秋天搬家 |
on
用在描述日期與星期幾 |
on+ a date, weekday
on+ weekday morning(s),
afternoon(s), evening(s) |
I was born on October 30, 1971.
我出生於1971年10月30日
Are you free on Sunday?
星期天你有空嗎?
I have date on Thursday evening.
星期四晚上我有約會 |
already, yet, anymore, still
already用在肯定句,
yet與anymore用在否定詞,
still則是肯定句與否句定均可以用。
|
位置 |
語氣 |
例句 |
already已經
發生於現在之前 |
置於句中 |
肯定 |
I already finish it.
我已經把它完成了
He is already here.
他已經在這裡了 |
yet
尚未
現在之前尚未發生於。 |
置於句尾 |
否定 |
It is not finished yet.
這尚未完成
I don’t eat breakfast yet.
我尚未吃早餐 |
anymore/any longer
不再
發生於過去,現在已不再發生。
|
置於句尾 |
否定 |
I don’t gamble anymore.
我不再賭博了
He doesn’t eat seafood any
longer.
他不再吃海鮮了 |
still仍然
事件或行為動作發生於過去,到現在仍在持續中。 |
置於句中 |
均可 |
It is still not finished.
它依然沒有完成。
I still live in Taipei.
我依然住在台北
|
以上為簡單式的介紹,在介紹進行式之前,請你先將動詞時態形成口訣與簡單式的口訣背起來
簡單式口訣
現在現動、過去過動、未來will動。
口訣說明
現在現動、過去過動、未來will動:
簡單現在式動詞用現在式動詞,簡單過去式用過去式動詞,簡單未來式用will加動詞。
基本句型
He was a student.
He is a student.
He will be a student.
衍生句型
He used
to drink tea in the afternoon.
I
already finish it.
It is
not finished yet.
He
doesn’t eat seafood any longer(anymore).
It is
still not finished.
5-1 5-2
5-3 5-4
第六章
|