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第二章 何謂文法
文法----功用---創造句子、衍生句意
---主要動詞---承先啟後
薯條：「要談文法，我們得先定義清楚什麼叫文法？ 猶如各項競賽有各自己的比賽規則一樣，不同的語言也有其不同的語言規則，這些語言的規則就是文法，因此我們可以將文法定義為語言的遊戲規則。
文法的定義：文法是語言的遊戲規則。
文法所談的是語言的規則，而只要是規則那就一定有結構邏輯可以依循。因此只要知道英語的文法，就可以舉一反三，創造與衍生出更多句子來。 例如最簡單的句型：主詞+完全不及物動詞
John runs. （現在式）
最容易的變化就是變化句子的時態
或者變化主詞及動詞
或者直接加上副詞never來修飾動詞runs，
然後再加上形容詞big來修飾主詞John
John never runs. → Big John never runs.
然後再加上助動詞would來修飾語氣
Big John never runs. → Big John would never run.
也可再加上副詞again，再一次地修飾動詞run
Big John would never run. → Big John would never run again.
同樣地我們也再加上形容詞old再一次地來修飾主詞John
Big John would never run again. → Old big John would never run again.
除此之外，也可以加上關係子句who is my classmate，用插入語的方式來修飾主詞。
Old big John would never run again. → Old big John, who is my classmate, would never run again.
然後再加上副詞子句because he was lost his leg來修飾動詞run，或整個句子
Old big John, who is my classmate, would never run again. → Old big John, who is my classmate, would never run again because he was lost his leg.
之後我們可以再加上介系詞片語 in a car accident、地方副詞片語on the bridge與時間副詞this morning來修飾副詞子句。 Old big John, who is my classmate, would never run again because he was lost his leg.
→ Old big John, who is my classmate, would never run again because he lost his leg in a car accident on the bridge this morning.
而如果仍覺得意猶未盡，我們可以再加上對等連接詞 and連接son of Smith.
Old big John, who is my classmate, would never run again because he lost his leg in a car accident on the bridge this morning.
→ Old big John, who is my classmate and son of Smith, would never run again because he lost his leg in a car accident on the bridge this morning.
或是將son of Smith當成主詞的同位格使用。
Old big John, son of Smith, who is my classmate, would never run again because he lost his leg in a car accident on the bridge this morning.
上面這句話，除了John runs.這個基本句之外，全都是修飾這個基本句的修飾語。 由此可知，我們可以從John runs這句最簡單的句型，不斷地延伸修飾字句。 除此之外，我們也可以用比較句或是假設句來變化這個基本句。
比較句 John runs as fast as I. John runs faster than Ken. John runs fastest among the class.
假設句 If John ran, he would lose his opportunity. If John ran, I would run with him.
而之所以有辦法加上這些修飾語句來修飾John runs.這個基本句，或是變化句型，除了懂得詞彙之外，主要是因為懂文法，會使用文法。 所以文法的學習過程，是從解析句子開始，最終達到可以組合變化衍生各式各樣的句子。 因此文法是一定得要學的，只要懂文法，我們就能知道如何衍生變化句子，清楚且正確地用英語來表達我們的想法、概念與感受，也能清楚知道聽懂或看懂對方所表達的句意為何。 而正如「內行看門道，外行看熱鬧」一樣，只要懂文法，文章的句型結構，將會讓你一覽無遺，清楚地浮現於眼前。
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